Year 2021 / Volume 28 / Number 6

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Original

End-of-life transfusions in patients with an oncological diagnosis

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2021; 28(6): 319-324 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2022.3956/2021

Ana Paulina Brome, Lina María Martínez, Laura Herrera, Marielena Fonseca, Carolina Durango, Valeria Vásquez, Laura Duque, Alejandra Morales, Miguel Eduardo Saavedra, Juan Felipe Vargas, Sandra Milena Molina


ABSTRACT

Introduction: Cancer patients in terminal stages present symptoms related to anemia, other cytopenias, and coagulopathies that deteriorate the quality of life. These symptoms can be multicausal and do not improve in most cases.
Objective: Describe the use of blood transfusions in the six months before death as an alternative palliative treatment in patients with an oncological diagnosis in the city of Medellin during the period 2013-2018.
Methods: Retrospective cohort, in patients with a cancer diagnosis who received transfusions in the last six months of life, a non-probabilistic sampling of consecutive cases was executed. The analysis was carried out in SPSS, estimating absolute and relative frequencies and median with interquartile ranges.
Results: Out of 3,254 medical records of cancer patients, 151 were included. The time to oncological diagnosis had a median of 2 years (IQR 1 and 3). The symptoms observed in patients before and after the first transfusion were pain, present in 32.1 % (46) and 16.9 % (25) respectively, besides drowsiness was distinguished in 25 % (36) before transfusion and 14.3 % (21) after. Finally, the clinical outcomes before and after the last transfusion prior to death, were a decrease in pain, asthenia/adynamia, drowsiness, among others.
Conclusions: The findings of this research allow us to appreciate the current panorama in the institutions in which palliative care medical services are being provided and consider when to offer the blood products to a patient at the end of life as a therapeutic measure in the context of a human being cared by physicians.



RESUMEN

Introducción: Los pacientes con cáncer en fase terminal presentan síntomas relacionados con la anemia, otras citopenias y coagulopatías que deterioran la calidad de vida. Estos síntomas pueden ser multicausales y no mejoran en la mayoría de los casos.
Objetivo: Describir el uso de transfusiones sanguíneas en los seis meses previos a la muerte como alternativa de tratamiento paliativo en pacientes con diagnóstico oncológico en la ciudad de Medellín durante el periodo 2013-2018.
Métodos: Cohorte retrospectiva, en pacientes con diagnóstico de cáncer que recibieron transfusiones en los últimos seis meses de vida, se ejecutó un muestreo no probabilístico de casos consecutivos. El análisis se realizó en SPSS, estimando frecuencias absolutas y relativas y mediana con rangos intercuartílicos.
Resultados: De 3254 historias clínicas de pacientes con cáncer, 151 fueron incluidas. El tiempo hasta el diagnóstico oncológico tuvo una mediana de 2 años (IQR 1 y 3). Los síntomas observados en los pacientes antes y después de la primera transfusión fueron el dolor, presente en el 32,1 % (46) y el 16,9 % (25) respectivamente, además de la somnolencia que se distinguió en el 25 % (36) antes de la transfusión y el 14,3 % (21) después. Finalmente, los resultados clínicos antes y después de la última transfusión antes de la muerte, fueron una disminución del dolor, astenia/adinamia, somnolencia, entre otros.
Conclusiones: Los hallazgos de esta investigación permiten apreciar el panorama actual en las instituciones en las que se prestan servicios médicos de cuidados paliativos y considerar cuándo ofrecer los hemoderivados a un paciente al final de la vida como medida terapéutica en el contexto de un ser humano atendido por los médicos.





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Bibliografía

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Instrucciones para citar

Brome A, Martínez L, Herrera L, Fonseca M, Durango C, Vásquez V, et all. End-of-life transfusions in patients with an oncological diagnosis. Rev Soc Esp Dolor 2021; 28(6): 319-324 / DOI: 1020986/resed20223956/2021


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Recibido: 02/11/2021

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Prepublicado: 01/03/2022

Publicado: 18/04/2022

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