Year 2024 / Volume 31 / Number 2

Original

Efficacy and safety of opioid use in chronic non-cancer pain: results of the survey of the opioid task force of the Spanish Pain Society. Delphi consensus

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2024; 31(2): 65-74 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2025.4088/2023

Diego Ruiz, Alicia Alonso, Carlos David Albendea, Francisco Luis Pérez, Ana Navarro, Víctor Mayoral, Matías Ramírez, Santiago Carlos Montesinos, M.ª Eugenia Centeno


ABSTRACT

Introduction: The treatment of chronic non-cancer pain (CNCP) is complex and requires a multidisciplinary approach. Opioids are powerful analgesics used for moderate-severe pain. The Delphi methodology in our study allows us to reach a consensus on the reasons and opinions of the use of opioid analgesics in patients with CNCP. The objective of the study is to know the opioid prescription habits of physicians who regularly prescribe them in CNCP, identify barriers and propose recommendations to improve their use.
Material and methods: A Delphi study focused on the reasons why physicians prescribe opioids in a certain way. The survey was conducted in two rounds spaced one month, between the months of December 2022 and January 2023. The Opioid Task Force of the Spanish Society of Pain (GTSED Opioides) promoted the initiative and generated the questions. Consensus was defined with 75 % of responses as "strongly agree" or "strongly disagree".
Results: In relation to the beginning of treatment and indications, the panelists strongly agreed that in treatment it is important to have continuity of care between Hospital Care and Primary Care. There was also consensus that we strongly disagreed with combining different major opioids in the same patient. Participants strongly agreed that, when rotating one opioid to another, a dose reduction should be calculated based on the equianalgesic dose, but also taking into account individual factors.
The item that obtained the highest degree of consensus throughout the study was that the panelists when prescribing an opioid, took into consideration some situations of renal, hepatic, respiratory and / or cardiac impairment. During the withdrawal of opioids, the panelists give a clear guideline on how to perform it and how to act in the face of withdrawal symptoms, also leaving open a channel of communication with the patient, individualize the withdrawal of opioids and have an Addiction Unit to refer patients of difficult management in the withdrawal of opioids.
Conclusions: Barriers and areas for improvement were identified: the need for a multidisciplinary, effective communication and improvement of inter-level continuity of care, training of prescribers and identification of patients at risk of opioid abuse in CNCP. Recommendations for overcoming barriers to optimal opioid treatment were also proposed.



RESUMEN

Introducción: El tratamiento del dolor crónico no oncológico (DCNO) es complejo y requiere un abordaje multidisciplinar. Los opioides son analgésicos potentes usados para el dolor moderado-intenso. La metodología Delphi en nuestro estudio permite alcanzar un consenso sobre las razones y opiniones del uso de analgésicos opioides en pacientes con DCNO. El objetivo del estudio es conocer los hábitos de prescripción de opioides en médicos que los utilizan habitualmente en DCNO, identificar los obstáculos y proponer recomendaciones para mejorar su uso.
Material y métodos: Se empleó un estudio Delphi centrado en las razones por las cuales los médicos prescriben opioides de una determinada manera. La encuesta se realizó en 2 rondas distanciadas en un mes cada una de ellas, entre los meses de diciembre de 2022 y enero de 2023. El Grupo de Trabajo de Manejo de Opioides de la Sociedad Española del Dolor (GTSED Opioides) promovió la iniciativa y generó las preguntas. Se definió el consenso con el 75 % de respuestas en “completamente de acuerdo” o “totalmente en desacuerdo”.
Resultados: En relación con el inicio de tratamiento e indicaciones, los panelistas estuvieron muy de acuerdo en que en el tratamiento con opioides es importante tener una continuidad asistencial entre atención hospitalaria y atención primaria. También se estableció consenso en estar muy en desacuerdo con combinar distintos opioides mayores en el mismo paciente. Los participantes estuvieron muy de acuerdo en que, al realizar la rotación de un opioide por otro, se debe calcular una reducción de dosis en base a la dosis equianalgésica, aunque teniendo también en cuenta factores individuales.
El ítem que obtuvo el mayor grado de consenso en todo el estudio fue el que los panelistas a la hora de prescribir un opioide tuvieron en cuenta ciertas situaciones de insuficiencia renal, hepática, respiratoria y/o cardiaca.
Durante la retirada de opioides, los panelistas dan una pauta clara de cómo realizarla y cómo actuar ante síntomas de abstinencia, dejando además abierto un canal de comunicación con el paciente, individualizar la retirada del opioides y disponer de una unidad de adicciones para derivar a pacientes de difícil manejo en la retirada de opioide.
Conclusiones: Se identificaron barreras y áreas de mejora: necesidad de un abordaje multidisciplinar, comunicación efectiva y mejora de la continuidad asistencial interniveles, entrenamiento y formación de los prescriptores e identificación de pacientes de riesgo de abuso de opioides en DCNO. También se propusieron las recomendaciones para superar las barreras para un tratamiento óptimo con opioides.





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Instrucciones para citar

Ruiz D, Alonso A, Albendea C, Pérez F, Navarro A, Mayoral V, et all. Efficacy and safety of opioid use in chronic non-cancer pain: results of the survey of the opioid task force of the Spanish Pain Society. Delphi consensus . Rev Soc Esp Dolor 2024; 31(2): 65-74 / DOI: 1020986/resed20254088/2023


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Recibido: 12/06/2023

Aceptado: 05/12/2024

Prepublicado: 08/04/2025

Publicado: 04/07/2025

Tiempo de revisión del artículo: 470 días

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