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Año 2021 / Volumen 28 / Suplemento 1

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Artículo Monográfico Osteoartritis

Mecanismos etiopatogénicos de la artrosis
Ethiopathogenic mechanism of osteoarthritis

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2021; 28(13): 11-17 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2021.3851/2020

Ángel Oteo

RESUMEN

La artrosis es una enfermedad incurable que se caracteriza por un deterioro progresivo del cartílago articular asociado a una proliferación ósea subcondral y osteofitaria, que provoca dolor, limitación de la movilidad, discapacidad y deterioro de la calidad de vida del paciente. Existe una discrepancia clínica entre pacientes que radiológicamente están en un estadio similar.
Se han descrito una serie de factores de riesgo que actuarían de forma sistémica o local en cada articulación. Estos factores, solos o de manera coincidente, darían lugar a las alteraciones estructurales de los tejidos articulares y desarrollarían la enfermedad. El mecanismo real por el cual estos factores de riesgo actúan no es del todo conocido. El conocimiento de su forma de actuar y el momento en que actúan sería una buena oportunidad para realizar un tratamiento específico y precoz que evite la aparición o la progresión de la artrosis.

ABSTRACT

Osteoarthritis is an incurable disease characterized by a progressive deterioration of the articular cartilage associated with a subchondral and osteophyte bone proliferation, which causes pain, limitation of mobility, disability, and deterioration of the patient's quality of life. There is a clinical discrepancy between patients who are radiologically in a similar stage.
A series of risk factors have been described that would act systemically or locally in each joint. These factors alone or coincidentally would give rise to structural alterations of the joint tissues and would develop the disease. The actual mechanism by which these risk factors act is not entirely known. Knowing their way of acting and when they act would be a good opportunity to carry out a specific and early treatment that prevents the appearance or progression of osteoarthritis.

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Oteo Á. Mecanismos etiopatogénicos de la artrosis. Rev Soc Esp Dolor 2021; 28(13): 11-17 / DOI: 1020986/resed20213851/2020

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