Year 2025 / Volume 32 / Number 1

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Review

Phantom limb pain. Understanding and therapeutic approach beyond mirror therapy

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2025; 32(1): 46-59 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2025.4128/2024

Natalia Botero, Iván Mauricio González


ABSTRACT

The phantom limb pain is defined as a kind of neuropathic pain, however, it has its own characteristics due to the cortical changes that occur after an amputation and the phantom limb sensation that involves. The present review of the literature offers a synthesis of the pathophysiological theories, its presentation and clinical evaluation. Finally, explore the different treatment strategies both non -pharmacological and pharmacological, offering information on the usefulness of techniques and their relationship with the disease, as well as the results of the studies, mainly of the clinical trials and the systematic reviews and meta -analysis, to expose the best therapeutic options.



RESUMEN

El dolor de miembro fantasma se define como un tipo de dolor neuropático. Sin embargo, tiene unas características propias por los cambios corticales que se producen posterior a una amputación y la sensación fantasma que involucra. La presente revisión de la literatura ofrece una síntesis de las teorías fisiopatológicas de dicha entidad, su presentación y evaluación clínica. Por último, explora las distintas estrategias de tratamiento tanto no farmacológico como farmacológico, ofreciendo información sobre la utilidad de las técnicas y su relación con la fisiopatología de la enfermedad, así como los resultados de los estudios, principalmente de los ensayos clínicos y de las revisiones sistemáticas y metaanálisis, para exponer las mejores opciones terapéuticas.





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Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2023; 30(3): 187-190 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2023.4021/2022

Ultrasound-guided ankle nerve block as adjuvant therapy in chronic pain after occupational injury.

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2023; 30(3): 178-186 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2023.4035/2022

Effectiveness of adding posterior capsule stretching after an exercise program in patients with subacromial impingement syndrome: a randomized clinical study

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2023; 30(3): 168-177 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2023.3927/2021

A road trip to chemotherapy-induced neuropathic pain

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2023; 30(3): 155-156 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2023.4110/2023

Pain paths among post-COVID-19 condition subjects: a prospective cross-sectional study with in-person evaluation

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2023; 30(2): 131-145 / DOI: 10.1002/ejp.2094

Effect of therapeutic exercise in persons with sacroiliac joint dysfunction: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2023; 30(2): 95-108 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2023.4034/2022

Knowledge, attitudes, and beliefs towards the disease in women with fibromyalgia. A qualitative study based on a focus group

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2023; 30(2): 79-94 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2023.4022/2022

Observational, prospective and multicenter study on the use of transmucosal fentanyl citrate in regular clinical practice for the control of breakthrough pain crises in cancer patients

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2023; 30(2): 72-78 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2023.4028/2022

Not just low back pain: atypical manifestation of aortic aneurysm

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2023; 30(1): 60-62 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2022.3983/2022

Effects of transcranial direct current stimulation in pain and opioid consumption after spine surgery

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2023; 30(1): 49-59 / DOI: 10.1002/ejp.1985

Pulsed radiofrequency of the supraescapular nerve in the treatment of painful shoulder

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2023; 30(1): 36-48 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2023.4046/2022

Effectiveness of cluneal nerve block for the treatment of chronic low back pain

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2023; 30(1): 30-35 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2023.4023/2022

Review of the remission and management of a cancer related pain population to a pain unit. What can we improve?

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2023; 30(1): 7-14 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2023.4010/2022

Effectiveness of electroacupuncture and moxibustion in the treatment of postoperative anterior cruciate ligament graft pain with meniscal remodeling. Case study UNEVT 2022

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2022; 29(3): 192-195 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2022.4009/2022

Treatment of painful scars with 5 % lidocaine patch: clinical cases report

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2022; 29(3): 187-191 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2022.3997/2022

Usefulness of percutaneous basivertebral nerve thermorizotomy for the treatment of chronic low back pain. Literature review

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2022; 29(3): 169-174 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2022.4044/2022

Efficacy of physiotherapy on the anxiety and depression in patients with chronic pain: a systematic review

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2022; 29(3): 157-168 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2022.3994/2022

Single eco-guided intra-articular injection of hyaluronic acid in symptomatic coxarthrosis: retrospective study of the efficacy of two presentations

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2022; 29(3): 140-148 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2022.4014/2022

Can we modify the evolution of neuropathic pain through the skin?

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2022; 29(3): 129-131 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2022.4052/2022

Peripheral facial palsy following glossopharyngeal block: a case report

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2022; 29(2): 114-118 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2022.3963/2021

The biopsychosocial nature of chronic pelvic floor pain: a narrative review

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2022; 29(2): 97-113 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2022.3981/2022

Myofascial pain syndrome in the female pelvic floor musculature. Narrative review of the literature

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2022; 29(2): 88-96 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2022.3970/2022

Attitudes and current knowledge of the spanish pain treatment specialist regarding medical cannabis

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2022; 29(13): 52-57 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2022.4032/2022

Medical cannabis treatment in patients with visceral chronic pain

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2022; 29(13): 32-42 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2022.4030/2022

Is medical cannabis useful for the treatment of fibromyalgia?

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2022; 29(13): 27-31 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2022.4029/2022

Cannabinoids in neuropathic pain: lights and shadows

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2022; 29(13): 20-26 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2022.4027/2022

Medical cannabis and cancer: benefits for cancer pain and other related symptoms

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2022; 29(13): 14-19 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2022.4026/2022

Current evidence of medical cannabis treatment in patients with chronic pain

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2022; 29(13): 10-13 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2022.4024/2022

Some preclinical results of cannabinoids and pain

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2022; 29(13): 3-9 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2022.4033/2022

Treatment alternatives for anemia in terminally ill patients diagnosed with oncology

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2022; 29(1): 56-56 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2022.3992/2022

Bone pain management with opioid medication in a patient with Camurati-Engelmann disease: a case report

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2022; 29(1): 51-55 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2021.3930/2021

Complex regional pain syndrome, rehabilitation, pharmacotherapy, psychology.

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2022; 29(1): 34-50 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2022.3978/2022

Use of 8 % capsaicin patches for the treatment of lumbar neuropathic pain

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2022; 29(1): 28-33 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2022.3995/2022

Peroneal neuropathy caused by an extraneural ganglion: literary review and treatment proposal. A non-positive case

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2021; 28(6): 354-357 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2022.3919/2021

Retrolaminar ultrasound guided block as analgesic treatment for post herpetic neuralgia: case report

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2021; 28(6): 350-353 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2022.3920/2021

Use of botulinum toxin for pain after amputation

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2021; 28(6): 332-342 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2022.3943/2021

Lumbar epidural steroids injections reduce catastrophism on the lumbosacral radicular syndrome

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2021; 28(6): 325-331 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2022.3947/2021

End-of-life transfusions in patients with an oncological diagnosis

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2021; 28(6): 319-324 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2022.3956/2021

Late onset of restless legs syndrome as a methadone withdrawal symptom in cancer patients: report of two cases

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2021; 28(5): 298-300 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2021.3889/2021

A new paradigm for the treatment of knee osteoarthritis: the role of hyaluronic acid, platelet-rich plasma (PRP) and ozone in the modulation of inflammation: a review

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2021; 28(5): 282-291 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2021.3903/2021

Thalalgic triad. A new clinical entity from a case series

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2021; 28(5): 276-281 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2021.3941/2021

Efficacy and complications of analgesic techniques for the treatment of moderate to severe postoperative acute pain

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2021; 28(5): 264-265 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2021.3942/2021

Descriptive study on the profile of patients sent to the Chronic Pain Treatment Unit of the University Hospital of Gran Canaria Dr. Negrín (UTDC-HUGCDN) as a basis for the reorganization of this

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2021; 28(5): 254-263 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2021.3939/2021

Capsaicin: a treatment to pick the mouth

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2021; 28(5): 252-253 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2021.3961/2021

Treatment by ultrasound-guided neurolysis with 6 % aqueous phenol of the pain component for post-amputation neuromas: report of a clinical case

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2021; 28(4): 239-241 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2021.3928/2021

Pharmacological osteonecrosis in maxillofacial surgery, period 2013-2019

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2021; 28(4): 211-218 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2021.3837/2020

Clinical recommendations for rehabilitation of people with fibromyalgia. A narrative review

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2021; 28(4): 194-210 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2021.3932/2021

Psychological factors associated with the adherence to analgesic treatment in patients with chronic pain: systematic review of the literature

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2021; 28(4): 181-193 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2021.3922/2021

The multifaceted reality of adherence to analgesic treatment

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2021; 28(4): 175-176 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2021.3945/2021

Persistent hiccups after epidural injection of betamethasone: a case report

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2021; 28(2): 169-171 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2021.3914/2021

Genicular nerve radiofrequency in osteoarthritis-related chronic knee pain

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2021; 28(3): 154-168 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2021.3900/2021

Observational and prospective study on the effectiveness and safety of the dorsal root ganglion stimulation in patients with refractory neuropathic pain

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2021; 28(2): 148-156 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2021.3879/2020

Prescribing habits for neuropathic pain management in Spain: results of the survey of the neuropathic pain working group of the Spanish Pain Society

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2021; 28(3): 137-147 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2021.3911/2021

Neuropathic pain: a constant challenge

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2021; 28(2): 111-114 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2021.3938/2021

Botulinum toxin for the treatment of myofascial pain syndrome

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2021; 28(2): 100-110 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2021.3902/2021

Risk of misuse of prescribed opioids in patients with chronic noncancer pain in a workers compensation system hospital in Chile

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2021; 28(2): 82-91 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2021.3845/2020

Evolution of low back pain in cancer patients treated with interventional pain management

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2021; 28(2): 76-81 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2021.3901/2021

Analgesic effectiveness of tapentadol in neuropathic pain secondary to post-laminectomy syndrome

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2021; 28(2): 71-75 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2021.3822/2020

Transfusions at the end of life. Review of some important considerations

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2021; 28(1): 47-52 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2021.3831/2020

Ozone and COVID-19: physiological bases and their therapeutic possibilities according to the evolutionary stage in SARS-CoV-2 infection

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2021; 28(1): 27-36 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2021.3810/2020

Management and perception of therapeutic adherence of breakthrough cancer pain by oncologists in Spain

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2021; 28(1): 19-26 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2021.3824/2020

Interventional management of osteoarthritic pain

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2021; 28(13): 85-90 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2021.3853/2020

Platelet rich plasma and intra-articular mesenchymal stem cells in osteoarthritis

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2021; 28(13): 80-84 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2021.3858/2020

Intra-articular botulinum toxin and ozone in osteoarthritis

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2021; 28(13): 73-79 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2021.3857/2020

Infiltrations of steroids and hyaluronic acid in osteoarthritis

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2021; 28(13): 64-72 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2021.3854/2020

New pharmacological targets for osteoarthritis induced pain

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2021; 28(13): 57-63 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2021.3863/2020

Opioids in osteoarthritis

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2021; 28(13): 49-56 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2021.3855/2020

Review of the pharmacological treatment of osteoarthritis pain with paracetamol, non-steroid anti-inflammatory (NSAIDSS) and selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors (COXIB)

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2021; 28(13): 43-48 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2021.3864/2020

News in the clinical practice guidelines regarding the treatment of the hip, knee and hands osteoarthritis

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2021; 28(13): 38-42 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2021.3870/2020

Experimental models for pain evaluation in osteoarthritis

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2021; 28(13): 18-30 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2021.3872/2020

Ethiopathogenic mechanism of osteoarthritis

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2021; 28(13): 11-17 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2021.3851/2020

Epidemiology, clinical impact and therapeutic objectives in osteoarthritis

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2021; 28(13): 4-10 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2021.3874/2020

Transitional pain clinic

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2020; 27(6): 369-374 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2020.3840/2020

Study of pain in rehabilitation treatments

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2020; 27(6): 361-368 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2020.3809/2020

Impact of group psychological intervention on conventional radiofrequency tributary patients

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2020; 27(6): 349-360 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2020.3830/2020

Calcific tendinitis of the shoulder: risk factors and effectiveness of iontophoresis with acetic acid 5 % plus ultrasound: prospective quasi-experimental study at 5 years with 138 cases

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2020; 27(6): 340-348 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2020.3842/2020

A 14-month physiotherapy follow up to a child with Sandifer syndrome

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2020; 27(5): 329-331 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2020.3816/2020

School of non-oncologic chronic pain patients and opioid treatment

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2020; 27(5): 324-328 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2020.3804/2020

Opioid misuse in patients with cancer pain: an integrative systematic review of the literature

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2020; 27(5): 306-315 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2020.3801/2020

Identification of signs and symptoms for the diagnosis of discogenic low back pain: mapping review

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2020; 27(5): 292-297 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2020.3803/2020

Efficacy of lidocaine perfusions in fibromyalgia: a prospective cohort study

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2020; 27(5): 287-291 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2020.3796/2020

Back to the future in the treatment of postoperative acute pain

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2020; 27(5): 285-286 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2020.3850/2020

Splanchnic nerve block for the treatment of benign chronic abdominal pain. a case report and literature review

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2020; 27(4): 273-277 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2020.3818/2020

Continuous analgesic control in a patient with multiple rib fractures by placing a catheter in the deep plane of the erector muscle of the spine

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2020; 27(4): 269-272 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2020.3800/2020

Clinical pathophysiology in patients with sickle cell disease: the transition from acute to chronic pain

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2020; 27(4): 257-268 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2020.3814/2020

Gender determinants in the approach to chronic pain

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2020; 27(4): 252-256 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2020.3802/2020

Incidence of postmastectomy pain syndrome. Retrospective analysis

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2020; 27(4): 246-251 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2020.3797/2020

Sociodemographic and clinical characterization in patients with chronic back pain, Cienfuegos 2019

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2020; 27(4): 239-245 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2020.3798/2020

Spinal cord stimulation. Analysis of the diagnostic indications

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2020; 27(4): 234-238 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2020.3777/2019

Metamizole as an immunomodulator in neuropathic pain

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2020; 27(4): 230-231 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2020.3838/2020

Suboccipital decompression as an alternative in the treatment of pain secundary to occipital neuralgia: a case series

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2020; 27(3): 221-226 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2020.3791/2020

Analgesic effect of the capsaicin 8 % patch through the TRPV-1 receptor in a case of parkinson desease with located neuropathic pain

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2020; 27(3): 216-22 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2020.3786/2019

Spanish Pain Society (SPS). Healthcare recommendations for pain units in the face of progressive normalization of activity during the COVID-19 pandemic

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2020; 27(3): 192-215 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2020.3821/2020

Symptomatic treatment for migraña. Drugs used and related variables. Results of the european survey on work and migraine

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2020; 27(3): 178-191 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2020.3744/2019

Characteristics of patients suffering mild to severe pain treated with orodispersible tablets of paracetamol 325 mg/tramadol HCL 37,5mg (Paxiflas®) in comparison with other oral formulations containing the same combination. PROPAX study

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2020; 27(3): 168-177 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2020.3771/2019

Drug consumption used for musculoskeletal pain treatment in a cohort of blue-collar workers in Zaragoza (Spain)

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2020; 27(3): 150-159 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2020.3749/2019

Clinical experience with the implementation of a postdural puncture headache multidisciplinary protocol

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2020; 27(2): 133-137 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2020.3782/2019

Erector spinalis plane block as a neuropathic pain management in post-burned pediatric patient

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2020; 27(2): 127-132 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2020.3776/2019

Management of breakthrough pain associated with the cure of skin ulcers

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2020; 27(2): 113-126 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2020.3755/2019

Intra-articular ozone modulates inflammation, ameliorates pain and stiffness, improves function and has anabolic effect on knee osteoarthritis: a prospective quasiexperimental before-and-after study, 115 patients

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2020; 27(2): 78-88 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2020.3775/2019

The ozone paradigm in pain treatment

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2020; 27(2): 69-71 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2020.3807/2020

Conventional radiofrequency for genicular nerves in treatment of knee osteoarthritis

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2020; 27(1): 59-60 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2016.3515/2016

Review of the impact of acupuncture treatment on the management of nonspecific low back pain

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2020; 27(1): 53-58 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2020.3762/2019

Effectiveness of the association of lacosamide in trigeminal neuralgia

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2020; 27(1): 50-52 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2019.3738/2019

Peripheral acting Mu opioid receptor antagonists in the treatment of the opioid-induced constipation: review

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2020; 27(1): 37-49 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2020.3717/2018

Efficacy of pregabalin, gabapentin and duloxetine in neuropathic pain verified by the p-curve analysis

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2020; 27(1): 16-23 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2020.3727/2019

Quasi-experimental study on effectiveness of music therapy to reduce anxiety before an interventional technique in the pain unit

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2020; 27(1): 7-15 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2020.3767/2019

News in the treatment of back pain: are the future cell therapies?

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2020; 27(1): 3-4 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2020.3792/2020

Abducens nerve palsy associated with dural puncture and neurovascular compression

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2019; 26(6): 376-378 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2019.3722/2018

Intratecal baclophene for the treatment of pain and spasticity in stiff man syndrome: a case report

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2019; 26(6): 368-371 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2019.3745/2019

Neurolytic procedures for pancreatic cáncer pain: a systematic review and a proposal for an algorithm treatment

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2019; 26(6): 342-358 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2019.3715/2018

Correlation study between diagnostic opportunity and pain severity in patients with fibromyalgia who enter the Nononcological Chronic Pain Unit at the San Borja Arriarán Clinical Hospital

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2019; 26(6): 331-336 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2019.3690/2018

Pyoderma gangrenosum, undocumented complication of a spinal cord stimulation

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2019; 26(5): 309-312 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2019.3725/2019

The medical doctors who perform their care and research work in pain units in the use of the internet: identification, characterization and determinants

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2019; 26(5): 284-292 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2019.3713/2018

Painful diabetic foot ulcer amputation avoided thanks to topical sevoflurane

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2019; 26(4): 253-253 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2018.3683/2018

Open-label, prospective, safety, tolerability and sensory function study after of capsaicin 8 % patch repeat treatment in non-diabetic peripheral neuropathic pain: stride study

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2019; 26(4): 251-252 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2017.3564/2017

NMDA antagonism in the treatment of cluster headache

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2019; 26(4): 247-250 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2019.3710/2018

Role of depressive symptomatology, catastrophism and expectation in the efficacy of interventional treatment in chronic low back pain

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2019; 26(4): 227-232 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2019.3704/2018

Characterization of pain in patients with breast cancer attending the Oncology Unit of the San José Hospital

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2019; 26(4): 221-226 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2019.3692/2018

Information and communication technologies applied among medical professionals who perform pain treatment

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2019; 26(3): 175-183 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2019.3709/2018

Pulsed radiofrequency of the dorsal root ganglion for chronic lumbosacral radicular syndrome refractory to epidural steroid injections

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2019; 26(3): 166-174 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2019.3702/2018

Sublingual fentanyl for the treatment of breakthrough cancer pain during allergic reactions to chemotherapy infusion

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2019; 26(3): 148-153 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2018.3689/2018

Explanations on the article “Recommendations based on evidence for the management of neuropathic pain (review of the literature)”

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2019; 26(2): 134-137 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2019.3723/2019

Main pharmacodynamic differences and receptor affinities between serotonin-norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors: clinical implications in the management of neuropathic pain

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2019; 26(2): 131-133 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2017.3597/2017

Pulsed radiofrequency treatment in the neuropathy of the pudendal nerve: report of a case

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2019; 26(2): 128-129 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2016.3517/2016

Does pregabalin is a safe drug? Heart failure associated with pregabalin

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2019; 26(2): 124-125 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2017.3537/2016

Myofascial pain syndrome as a cause of postoperative acute pain in hip surgery

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2019; 26(2): 117-119 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2019.3655/2018

Fast opioid detoxification

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2019; 26(2): 95-102 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2019.3681/2018

Profiles of personality and resilience in chronic pain: utility of the CDRISC-10 to discriminate between resilient and vulnerable types

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2019; 26(2): 72-80 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2018.3670/2018

Project adapta: adequacy of treatment in breakthrough cancer pain

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2019; 26(1): 31-43 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2018.3661/2018

Psychosocial factors in chronic cancer pain: a Delphi study

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2019; 26(1): 21-30 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2018.3658/2018

Dexmedetomidine versus endovenous lidocaine in breakthrough pain control and functionality in patients with lumbar stenosis

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2019; 26(1): 14-20 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2018.3656/2018

Effects of multimodal treatment in patients with complex regional pain syndrome type 1 with, at least, 6 months of evolution: a descriptive study

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2019; 26(1): 6-13 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2018.3651/2018

Micro RNAs: A new way for the management of neuropathic pain?

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2019; 26(1): 2-3 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2019.3730/2019

American Headache Society for the treatment of cluster headache guidelines

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2018; 25(6): 362-365 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2017.3539/2016

Dysphonia as side-effect dose-dependent during treatment with duloxetine

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2018; 25(6): 359-359 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2017.3528/2016

Evidence-based recommendations for the management of neuropathic pain (review of the literature)

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2018; 25(6): 349-358 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2018.3673/2018

Opinaudit study: clinical uses in breakthrough pain, is scientific evidence being followed up?

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2018; 25(6): 325-334 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2018.3634/2017

Use of major opioids for control of pain in hospitalized patients

Rev. Soc. Esp. Dolor. 2018; 25(6): 318-324 / DOI: 10.20986/resed.2018.3629/2017

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Instrucciones para citar

Botero N, González I. Phantom limb pain. Understanding and therapeutic approach beyond mirror therapy. Rev Soc Esp Dolor 2025; 32(1): 46-59 / DOI: 1020986/resed20254128/2024


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Recibido: 16/01/2024

Aceptado: 28/06/2025

Prepublicado: 29/07/2025

Publicado: 24/02/2026

Tiempo de prepublicación: 560 días

Tiempo de edición del artículo: 770 días


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